Agriculture remains a robust sector, especially when it comes to producing food for a vast market while yielding significant profits. Mango farming in Nigeria exemplifies a thriving agricultural venture.
Mango, a sweet and delightful fruit from the “Anacardiaceae” family, is cultivated across various tropical regions, from East Asia to West Africa. Since its introduction to Nigeria, mangoes have proven to be economically viable in both local and international markets, particularly in Benue State.
Mango trees thrive in well-drained soils and require minimal maintenance. The fruit has diverse uses at different stages of ripeness. Unripe mangoes can be transformed into pickles and herbal drinks, while ripe mangoes are ideal for juices, jams, squashes, flavorings, jellies, and even soap.
Commercial mango farming is flourishing in Southeast Asia and West Africa, especially in Nigeria and Ghana. However, only a small number of individuals in Nigeria actively engage in mango farming, resulting in concentrated profits within the sector.
Given the growing demand for mango’s unique flavor, aroma, and its high vitamin A and C content, this article titled “How to Start a Mango Farming Business in Nigeria” aims to guide aspiring farmers.
How to Get Started in Mango Farming in Nigeria (2025)
Here are the fundamental steps to initiate a mango farming business in Nigeria:
Step 1: Develop a Business Plan
A comprehensive business plan is essential for success in any venture, including mango farming. Your business plan should address the following:
- Target Market: Identify your potential customers.
- Market Strategy and Analysis: Determine the strategies necessary for success.
- Geographical Location: Choose strategic locations for both production and sales.
- Minimum Capital Required: Estimate the initial investment needed.
- Transportation Costs: Account for the expenses involved in transporting mangoes from the farm to the market.
- Operational Costs and Future Goals: Outline your operational expenses and long-term objectives.
A well-structured business plan will attract potential investors and demonstrate the viability of your mango farming business.
Step 2: Land Preparation and Seed Selection
Preparation of the land for mango farming involves several steps:
- Land Clearing and Leveling: Ensure the farmland is free from grasses and shrubs. Plough the land to break down large soil clumps for easier root penetration and drainage.
- Soil Type: While mangoes can grow in various soil types, sandy loam soil is recommended for its ease of cultivation and minimal maintenance requirements.
- Seed Selection: Choose hybrid or grafted mango seedlings for optimal productivity. These varieties are more resistant to pests and thrive in different seasons.
Mango Planting Instructions:
You can plant the seeds directly in your garden and transplant them after three to six months. Mix the topsoil with manure or fertilizer in a 1:1 ratio. Dig holes approximately 10 cm deep for planting, and cover the seeds with soil before watering.
Weeding and Plant Care:
Weed control is essential after 14 to 21 days. Weeds can be composted and used as natural fertilizer. Clear the mango plantation every three months during the first one to two years. Prune dead branches once they reach about 90 cm in length.
Irrigation is necessary if planting is done during the dry season or on very dry soil.
Step 3: Human Resource Employment
In the initial stages of your mango farming business, you may need to hire a few workers. Depending on your scale, consider employing 3 to 5 staff members to assist with land preparation, planting, and maintenance.
Step 4: Selling Your Mango Fruits
Once your mangoes are ready for harvest, you can attract fruit traders to your farm or send your produce to wholesalers in local markets and processing companies. With diligent management, you can expect substantial profits from your mango farming venture.
Frequently Asked Questions in the Nigerian Mango Farming Business
How Profitable is Mango Farming in Nigeria?
Mango farming in Nigeria is lucrative due to low competition. Many in southern Nigeria engage in subsistence farming rather than commercial production.
Are Mangoes Available in Nigeria?
Mangoes are abundant during the rainy season, especially in regions like Gboko, where surplus is often wasted due to lack of interest in farming. However, they become scarce in the dry season as they are processed into juice and exported. How to Start Mango Farming
Who Introduced Mango to Nigeria?
Mangoes were brought to East Africa by the Persians in the 10th century and later introduced to West Africa, including Nigeria, by the Portuguese in the 16th century.
What Mango Varieties are Found in Nigeria?
Nigeria boasts several mango varieties, including:
- Benue Mango (the sweetest)
- Cotonou Mango
- German Mango
- Peter Mango
- Julie Mango
- Ogbomosho/Enugu/Eastern/Calabar/Opioro Mango (best for juice)
- Sheri Mango
- Kerosene Mango
Conclusion
With minimal competition in the mango farming sector in Nigeria, you are likely to succeed by following the outlined steps. How to Start Mango Farming By adhering to sound farming practices and a well-structured business strategy, you can tap into the profitable mango market and achieve your agricultural goals.
